Rafhael Oliveira · IA

The hierarchical architecture: the whole project aligned to the four patterns of the world model

Joint-embedding, energy, regularisation and predictive control: where we stand on each, and what is still hybrid, said with a number.

1 min read· chapter: 13 min· Experiment in progress · chapter updated on 12 Sept 2026

Landed here from LinkedIn? This is chapter 09 of the experiment Antivision · Latent Rehearsal. It reads on its own; if you want the beginning, it is chapter 00.

LeCun has a slide with four lines: abandon X in favour of Y. We audited our code against each one. Abandon generative for joint-embedding. Abandon probabilistic for energy. Abandon contrastive for regularised. Abandon reinforcement for predictive control. For each line: which piece of our code implements it, which flag turns it on, and whether it is already measured. Where the project still does X and Y at the same time, it is written down with a number. And we kept the token head on purpose, for three reasons LeCun's talk does not cover. One of them: removing the head today would mean removing the measuring instrument.

The three points

  1. Energy: candidates are reordered by plausibility plus distance to the heading. Implemented in the energy, gradient and mpc modes.
  2. Predictive control: beam search in latent space is MPC in miniature. And when the plan does not give the predicted result, the map is corrected, not the generator. Error ratio fell from 1.303 to 0.713 and generalised.
  3. Why the token head stays: it produces text, gives the guardrail that keeps the planner inside the distribution, and is the only ruler comparable with everything that exists.

From the chapter, the beginning

The whole project, piece by piece, aligned with the four patterns of the world model: joint-embedding, energy, regularization and predictive control — and what is still hybrid, stated with numbers.

The slide "Recommendations to my fellow AI scientists" has four lines, each an abandon X in favor of Y. This chapter is an audit: for each line, which piece of our code implements it, which flag turns it on, and whether it has been measured yet. Where the project still does X and Y at the same time, that is written down — because the house rule is keep and improve, without regression, not swapping what works for a promise.

The talk argues that predicting symbols is not enough to build a world model. Even so, our token decoder does three things the world model alone does not: it produces text (the latent is not readable), it provides the guardrail −log p that keeps the planner from leaving the distribution, and it is the only ruler comparable with everything that exists (bits/character). Removing the token head today would be removing the measuring instrument. And there is a stronger reason, which the interview gives (chapter 10, §3): the intractability that motivates JEPA holds for continuous signals; in text, discrete and finite, the softmax over the next token is the distribution over the futures. The plan is to invert its role — from decision to energy term — and that is what the energy and mpc modes already do.

Keep reading chapter 09 →Ler em portuguêsThe PDFs by e-mail →
What the chapter covers · 6 sections · 13 min
  1. The four recommendations, and where we stand on each
  2. The slide's diagram, with our names
  3. Three pieces this chapter adds
  4. The loop's smoke test, with numbers
  5. What is measured, what is in the queue
  6. From the hierarchy to the "universal causal model"
All chapters of the experiment · Antivision · Latent Rehearsal
  1. 00 · Antivision: an ELLM, a language model that rehearses in latent space before speaking
  2. 01 · The custom tokenizer: why 16 thousand tokens suit this corpus better than 50 thousand, and what the whole table shows
  3. 02 · Two architectures, one file: the fair duel between 2019 and what came after
  4. 03 · The geometry of the embedding: training starts with a perfect space and ruins it
  5. 04 · The lineage of collapse: five answers from computer vision, each measured on text
  6. 05 · The rudder and the world model: three versions of the same question, each measured against the last
  7. 06 · Method and mistakes: the rules of a legitimate comparison and the catalogue of our own errors
  8. 07 · Scale and budget: what it costs to reach GPT-3, and why VRAM is almost never the limit
  9. 08 · The workbench: serve, x-ray and train from the browser
  10. 09 · The hierarchical architecture: the whole project aligned to the four patterns of the world model
  11. 10 · What JEPA is, according to LeCun: two talks read concept by concept, and where each one applies
  12. 11 · Memory and horizon: two claims from LeCun that became experiments, and both hold for text
  13. 12 · Learned costs and inference modes: the three searches and the two sources of energy, measured
  14. 13 · The corrections from LeCun's talks: failure, passage, flag, measurement
  15. 14 · Consulted memory: a bank of abstract states read by attention
  16. 15 · What it costs and what it delivers: us, GPT-1 and GPT-2 on the only ruler valid across tokenizers
  17. 16 · The minimum was off the list: the day I measured my own search by energy
  18. 17 · ELLM: the right name for a language model that predicts in latent space and decides by energy
  19. 18 · Searching better does not fix the energy: three searches, the same text
  20. 19 · The inversion that did not repeat: the world model's cost appears once the ruler stops swinging
  21. 20 · What changed on 17/09: two new chapters and two corrections

Before this: the GPT-2 course

Rafhael Oliveira
Rafhael Oliveira

Writes the GPT-2 course and runs the Antivision experiment, measuring every run before publishing the number. The LinkedIn posts start here and end in the chapters.

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